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本片文章是关于日本在预防地震方面所做的应急机制和设施并不能很好的阻挡住15年以来罕见的9.0级地震和海啸的强烈攻击。 日本这次遭受的是世界上第四大的地震，以至于被誉为世界上最坚固的日本三陆沿岸的防护堤也被冲毁。以下就是关于日本为预防地震海啸和修建的海啸防护堤的相关报道。
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This is the VOA Special English Technology Report.
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3 |5 |. m3 f. I# [  A0 lA powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at two forty-six p.m. local time on March eleventh. Japan’s Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.

* e/ _) |) p8 t$ SThere are more than four thousand Seismic Intensity Meters in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity. These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.
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- {1 a& g% k+ DThere are also concrete sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.
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6 a3 p: ~1 j: H- j3 y, @' e7 h5 Q/ jCostas Synolakis is a tsunami expert with the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.

- D( F) r; L9 v' v: {  pCOSTAS SYNOLAKIS: "Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not anticipated the size of this event.”
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He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last one hundred fifty years. And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.
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The nine point zero magnitude earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as thirteen meters in some areas.

Costas Synolakis says Japan’s concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves.
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COSTAS SYNOLAKIS: "The concrete seawalls in many places in Japan are about 10 meters, that's about 33 feet. In Sendai, they were about three meters, that's about 10 feet. So that shows you that at least in that area they were not expecting such a sizeable wave."
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A tsunami wave can travel as fast as eight hundred kilometers per hour. To get to higher ground people would often have to travel for many kilometers. This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will permit. This is especially true in cases like Japan, where the center of the earthquake struck so close to the coastline. The tsunami waves followed almost immediately.

! M* R3 ]3 p( z" T  A. U) F/ QExperts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted
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0 c4 y0 b6 K7 @5 \% s- @. UAnd that's the VOA Special English Technology Report, written by June Simms. You can find more news about the disaster in Japan at our website, voaspecialenglish.com. You can also find transcripts, MP3s and podcasts of our reports. And you can find us on Facebook and YouTube at VOA Learning English. I'm Steve Ember.

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